Citrinin pathway
WebJun 1, 2024 · Citrinin, a secondary metabolite, can pose serious risks to the environment and organisms, but its hepatotoxic mechanisms are still unclear. ... (ATP), activating AMPK pathway in L02 cells. Eventually, pretreatment with NAC, an ROS inhibitor, alleviates citrinin-induced cell cycle G2/M arrest and apoptosis by inhibiting ROS-mediated ER … WebMonascus aurantiacus produces high amounts of citrinin which is a mycotoxin with nephrotoxic activity. Six putative citrinin biosynthesis genes have been discovered in M. purpureus and at least 10 genes are responsible for its biosynthesis. However, the sequence of citrinin pathway gene cluster in M. aurantiacus has not been reported.
Citrinin pathway
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WebJan 1, 2016 · Citrinin is a toxic secondary metabolite of Penicillium citrinum and its contamination in many food items has been widely reported. However, research on the citrinin biosynthesis pathway and its ... WebHence, many studies have focused on improving the ratio of monacolin K to citrinin through optimal cultivation or fermentation. Given that citrinin and monacolin K biosynthetic gene clusters are ...
WebOct 1, 2024 · The citrinin pathway belongs to the former as it is present in many Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Monascus species [30, 44, 45]. However, the biosynthetic gene cluster of Monascus azaphilone pigments is limited in the Monascus genera. The biosynthetic process of secondary metabolites forms a cluster or non-clustered gene … WebDec 6, 2014 · To learn more about the citrinin biosynthetic pathway, a ctnG-replacement vector was constructed to disrupt ctnG with the hygromycin resistance gene as the selection marker, then transformed into ...
WebSep 29, 2011 · In this paper, we describe the cloning and characterization of a 43 kb genomic DNA region of M. aurantiacus, which codes for 16 of the assumed genes of the … WebThe application of Monascus is restricted by citrinin. So, it is important to explore the synthetic pathway of citrinin to completely inhibit the production of citrinin. In our previous study, we found that the protein encoded by the ctnF gene has a significant similarity to fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (F26BPase).
WebFeb 21, 2024 · Citrinin is a toxic secondary metabolite of Penicillium citrinum and its contamination in many food items has been widely reported. However, research on the citrinin biosynthesis pathway and its regulation mechanism in P. citrinum is rarely reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of different carbon sources on citrinin production …
WebAbstract ：Two cDNA subtractive libraries of Monascus were constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH) andscreened of correlative genes from the citrinin biosynthetic pathway in Monascus species. All clones in the two libraries weresequenced and the results were analyzed by bioinformatic softwares. greatsword warrior gw2WebSep 29, 2011 · CIT is synthesized via the polyketide pathway [20]. It is generally known that three secondary metabolites, pigments, monacolin K, and citrinin, share a biochemical … great sword warrior forge of empiresWebMay 27, 2024 · In our bodies, toxins are detoxed and excreted through a few pathways. Routes of elimination include urine, stool, bile and through our skin. Other routes include tears and saliva but are negligible in the realm of detoxification. ... This prebiotic has been shown to bind to citrinin, which a wide variety of molds produce. Using a variety of ... greatsword weapon treeWebNational Center for Biotechnology Information greatsword warriorWebSep 29, 2011 · In the citrinin biosynthesis pathway, the transcriptional activator (ctnA) is one of the important components in the citrinin cluster [53]. According to our qRT-PCR analysis (Figure 3B), the ... florian mathysWebJul 6, 2024 · Detox Pathway: Dietary Supplement: Food: Ochratoxin Sterigmatocystin T-2 toxin (trichothecene) Zearalenone Alternaniol DON (deoxynivalenol) Glucoronidation: … greatsword with shield 5eCitrinin is a mycotoxin which is often found in food. It is a secondary metabolite produced by fungi that contaminates long-stored food and it causes different toxic effects, like nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic and cytotoxic effects. Citrinin is mainly found in stored grains, but sometimes also in fruits and other plant products. See more Citrinin was one of the many mycotoxins discovered by H. Raistrick and A.C. Hetherington in the 1930s. In 1941 H. Raistrick and G. Smith identified citrinin to have a broad antibacterial activity. After this discovery the … See more Citrinin is a polyketide mycotoxin, which is a secondary metabolite of some fungi species. Its IUPAC name is (3R,4S)-4,6-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-6-oxo-3H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid and the molecular formula is C13H14O5. Citrinin has a … See more Citrinin is biosynthesized by fungi species of Penicillium, Monascus and Aspergillus. For the production of citrinin, a minimal set of genes is needed. These genes are conserved in most … See more Reddy et al. (1982) described the distribution and metabolism of [ C]Citrinin in pregnant rats. These rats were subcutaneously administered with 35 mg/kg C-labeled citrinin on day 12 of pregnancy. From plasma concentrations it could be concluded … See more The existing information on occurrence of citrinin in food suggests that relatively high citrinin concentrations can be found in stored grains and … See more There are different types of toxicity. The types of toxicity that have been studied for citrinin are acute toxicity, nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity and its carcinogenicity. Acute toxicity See more Various in vitro studies have revealed the involvement of citrinin toxicity in reduced cytokine production, inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis, … See more florian mathieu rallye